ABSTRACT
Purpose:
To investigate putative mechanism of wound healing for chitosan-based bisacurone gel against secondary burn wounds in rats.
Methods:
A second-degree burn wound with an open flame using mixed fuel (2 mL, 20 seconds) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats (male, 180-220 g, n = 15, each) followed by topical treatments with either vehicle control (white petroleum gel, 1%), silver sulfadiazine (1%) or bisacurone gel (2.5, 5, or 10%) for 20 days. Wound contraction rate and paw withdrawal threshold were monitored on various days. Oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), growth factors (transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor C using real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay) levels, and histology of wound skin were assessed at the end.
Results:
Bisacurone gel showed 98.72% drug release with a 420.90–442.70 cps viscosity. Bisacurone gel (5 and 10%) significantly (p < 0.05) improved wound contraction rate and paw withdrawal threshold. Bisacurone gel attenuated oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and water content. It also enhanced angiogenesis (hydroxyproline and growth factor) and granulation in wound tissue than vehicle control.
Conclusions:
These findings suggested that bisacurone gel can be a potential candidate to treat burn wounds via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic properties.
Key words
Wound Healing; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
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@Data are expressed as mean ± standard error mean (n = 6). Data of wound area, percent wound closure, and paw withdrawal threshold are analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple range test for each parameter separately; #p < 0.05 as compared to normal, *p < 0.05 as compared to vehicle control; $p < 0.05 as compared to one another; VC: vehicle control; SSD (1%): silver sulfadiazine (1%) treated group; Bis (2.5%): bisacurone (2.5 %) treated group; Bis (5%): bisacurone (5%) treated group; Bis (10%): bisacurone (10%) treated group. Source: Authors.
@Data are expressed as mean ± standard error mean (n = 6) and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple range test for each parameter separately; #p < 0.05 as compared to normal; *p < 0.05 as compared to vehicle control; $p < 0.05 as compared to one another; VC: vehicle control; SSD (1%): silver sulfadiazine (1%) treated group; Bis (2.5%): bisacurone (2.5 %) treated group; Bis (5%): bisacurone (5%) treated group; Bis (10%): bisacurone (10%) treated group; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Source: Authors.
@Data are expressed as mean ± standard error mean (n = 6) and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney’s multiple comparison tests for each parameter separately; #p < 0.05 as compared to normal; *p < 0.05 as compared to vehicle control; $p < 0.05 as compared to one another. Hematoxylin & eosin-stained staining at 100 X; yellow arrow: epithelization; black arrow: new vessel formation; red arrow: polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes infiltration. Source: Authors.