Qualidade de Vida dos Produtores de Soja Orgânica e Convencional

Staduto, Jefferson Andronio Ramundo; Kreter, Ana Cecília; Galante, Valdir Antonio

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Sumário

Original Article • Ambient. soc. 27 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0050r2vu27L2OA copiar

Qualidade de Vida dos Produtores de Soja Orgânica e Convencional

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Este artigo examina a qualidade de vida de produtores de soja orgânica e convencional no Brasil. Analisamos os sintomas autodeclarados associados à exposição aos agrotóxicos e medimos os níveis de satisfação com a vida dos produtores agropecuários. Nós aplicamos três modelos para analisar os dados de acordo com a distribuição das variáveis dependente: binário, Poisson e ordinal. Os questionários foram aplicados para 62 e 139 produtores de soja orgânica e convencional, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que a probabilidade de os agricultores orgânicos relatarem sintomas associados à exposição aos agrotóxicos foi 59% menor em relação aos produtores convencionais; e mostraram que os produtores orgânicos possuíam 68% mais chances de relatarem satisfação com a vida em relação aos produtores de soja convencional. Concluímos que a produção de soja orgânica melhorou a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores agrícolas, além de aumentar a sustentabilidade das áreas rurais.

Palavras-chave:
Produção orgânica; saúde; satisfação de vida; soja; desenvolvimento rural sustentável

Variable	Description
	Dependent variables
Symptom	declared at least one disease symptom = 1; declared no disease symptom = 0
Symptom_weight	count-data: sum of symptoms in which each one was weighed for 3, 2, and 1, representing frequently, sometimes, or rarely, respectively
Life_satisfaction	self-reported about life satisfaction: 1 to 10 fewest=1 and very good=10
	Independent variable
Organic_farm	organic producer=1; conventional producer=0
	Demographic variables
Gender	male=1; female=0
Age	years old
Schooling	no one= 0; elementary school =1; high school =1; under college = 3
	Financial and economic variables
Health_insurance	private health insurance=1; private health insurance =0
Farm_area	farm size (hectares)
Soybean_area	soybean crop size (hectares)
Gross_profit	number of bags per farm
	Health variables
Self-reported_health	very good/ good=1; regular/ bad/ very bad =0
Smoking	smoking= 1; nonsmoking=0
Doctor go	number of medical appointments in the last 12 months
PPE_time	how many years wearing personal protection equipment (PPE)
Application_number	number of applications of phytosanitary protection products or pesticides per agricultural year*
Highly_toxic	number of times per agricultural year that one handles pesticides of toxicological classes III and IV
Mildly_toxic	number of times per agricultural year that one handles pesticides of toxicological classes I and II
	Satisfaction variables
Life_satisfaction	self-reported about life satisfaction: 1 to 10 fewest=1 and very good=10
Income_satisfaction	self-reported about income satisfaction 1 to 10 fewest=1 and very good=10
Family_satisfaction	self-reported about family condition satisfaction: 1 to 10 fewest=1 and very good=10
Education_satisfaction	self-reported about education satisfaction: 1 to 10 fewest = 1 and very good=10
Work_satisfaction	self-reported about work satisfaction: 1 to 10 fewest=1 and very good = 10

Variable	Organic farmer	Conventio nal farmer	Pearson Chi-squared^a	“t” student^b	Mann-Whitney^c
Variable	Mean	Mean	chi²	t	z
Symptom	0.52	0.62	1.86	---	---
Symptom_weight	1.66	2.23	---	---	1.86***
Gender	0.97	0.97	0.018	---	---
Age	54.03	51.57	---	1.44*	---
Schooling	1.40	1.40	---	---	-0.16
Health_insurance	0,18	0,65	39.07*	---	---
Self_reported_ health	0.58	0.63	0.49	---	---
Smoking	0.08	0.03	5.43	---	---
Doctor_go	2.23	2.4	---	---	1.79***
PPE_time	9.19	13.61	---	2.78*	---
Application_number	7.92	12.04	---	7.28*	---
Highly_toxic	2.34	10.13	---	---	8.42*
Mildly_toxic	3.11	6.3	---	---	6.46*
Farm_area	49.87	43.53	---	---	3.57*
Soybean_area	21.81	45.04	---	---	6.16*
Gross_profit	163.09	210.23	---	---	4.42*
Life_satisfaction	8.74	8.53	---	---	1.20
Income_satisfaction	7.76	8.24	---	---	2.07**
Family_satisfaction	8.82	8.97	---	---	0.51
Education_satisfaction	9.08	9.31	---	---	1.31
Work_satisfaction	9.15	8.91	---	---	1.991*

Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Organic_farm	-0.180**	-0.212**	-0.224**
	(0.090)	(0.096)	(0.101)
Age	-0.003	-0.004	-0.004
	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.004)
Schooling	0.038	0.040	0.038
	(0.056)	(0.056)	(0.059)
Health_insurance	0.193**	0.181**	0.201**
	(0.084)	(0.088)	(0.093)
Self-reported_health	-0.157**	-0.155**	-0.150**
	(0.074)	(0.075)	(0.076)
Doctor_go	0.010	0.011	0.012
	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.015)
PPE_time	0.005	0.005	0.005
	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.004)
Application_number		-0.009	-0.011
		(0.011)	(0.011)
Highly_toxic		-0.007	-0.007
		(0.006)	(0.006)
Mildly_toxic		0.015	0.016
		(0.012)	(0.012)
Farm_area			0.000
			(0.001)
Soybean_area			0.001
			(0.001)
LR chi2	14.35**	16.51***	17.22
Observations	201	201	201

Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Organic_farm	-0.757***	-0.719***	-0.581***
	(0.208)	(0.226)	(0.238)
Age	0.003	0.003	0.008
	(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.010)
Schooling	0.452***	0.438***	0.502***
	(0.127)	(0.128)	(0.131)
Health_insurance	0.611***	0.660***	0.475**
	(0.206)	(0.213)	(0.222)
Self-reported_health	-0.487**	-0.461**	-0.480**
	(0.217)	(0.217)	(0.215)
Doctor_go	0.090***	0.095***	0.086***
	(0.033)	(0.034)	(0.034)
PPE_time	0.015*	0.015*	0.014*
	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.009)
Application_number		0.026	0.036
		(0.028)	(0.028)
Highly_toxic		-0.017	-0.013
		(0.018)	(0.018)
Mildly_toxic		0.029	0.025
		(0.033)	(0.034)
Farm_area			-0.006**
			(0.003)
Soybean_area			0.000
			(0.003)
LRchi2	45.33*	47.16*	54.95*
Observations	201	201	201

Variable	Model 1	Model 2
Organic_farm	1.641*	1.679*
	(0.479)	(0.511)
Age	1.032**	1.042*
	(0.013)	(0.014)
Schooling	1.179	1.147
	(0.230)	(0.228)
Self-reported_health	4.445***	4.333***
	(1.347)	(1.332)
Doctor_go	0.994	0.988
	(0.052)	(0.054)
Farm_area	0.997	0.996*
	(0.002)	(0.002)
Gross_profit	1.000	1.000
	(0.001)	(0.001)
Income_satisfaction	-	1.046
		(0.110)
Family_satisfaction	-	1.048
		(0.162)
Education_satisfaction	-	1.161
		(0.189)
Work_satisfaction	-	1.442***
		(0.190)
cut1	-2.04	3.594
cut2	-0.74	4.911
cut3	0.77	6.445
cut4	2.78	8.542
cut5	4.25	10.128

LRchi2	36.16*	53.24*
Observations	201	201

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[1] Jefferson Andronio Ramundo Staduto ✉ Jefferson.staduto@unioeste.br