Studies’ design |
Randomized controlled clinical trials (n = 8)1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74
19 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.
20 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.
21 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.
22 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.
23 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9
24 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.-2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.; non-randomized controlled studies (n = 2)2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83,2727 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.; before-and-after non-controlled studies (n = 3)2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.
29 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.-3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; systematic review and meta-analysis (n = 1)1313 Hoare DJ, Stacey PC, Hall DA. The efficacy of auditory perceptual training for tinnitus: a systematic review. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40:313-24.; and qualitative study (n = 1)3131 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM. Cortical reorganization and tinnitus: principles of auditory discrimination training for tinnitus management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266:9-16.
|
Studies’ reliability |
Ranged from very low (55%)3131 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM. Cortical reorganization and tinnitus: principles of auditory discrimination training for tinnitus management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266:9-16. to high (90%)1313 Hoare DJ, Stacey PC, Hall DA. The efficacy of auditory perceptual training for tinnitus: a systematic review. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40:313-24.,1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74
19 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.
20 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.
21 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.
22 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.
23 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9
24 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.-2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
|
Sample |
Chronic tinnitus patients1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2020 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.,2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.
23 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9
24 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.-2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.,2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; criteria ranging from 3 (three)2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20. (n = 1) to 6 (six) months1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2020 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.,2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9
24 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.-2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7. (n = 6); participants with tinnitus for at least 4 (four) months2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83 or at least 2 (two) years.2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33. Number of participants ranged from 8 to 70. |
Participants |
Adults (aged 18 years or older) with hearing loss1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74
19 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.
20 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.
21 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.
22 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.
23 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9
24 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.
25 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
26 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83
27 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.
28 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.
29 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.-3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; older adults (subjects aged 60 years or older)1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.
20 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.-2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.,2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9
24 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.
25 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.-2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83,2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.
|
Training’s type |
Frequency discrimination training1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74
19 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.-2020 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.,2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83
27 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.-2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.,3131 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM. Cortical reorganization and tinnitus: principles of auditory discrimination training for tinnitus management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266:9-16.; stimulation of temporal and attentional processing skills (n = 1)2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.; selective auditory attention alone (n = 1)2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9 or in combination with sound localization tasks (n = 3)2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.,2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; multisensory stimulation (n = 2)2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.,2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.
|
Sound stimuli |
Pure tone,1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74
19 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.
20 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.
21 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.-2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.,2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.,2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83
27 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.-2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20. alone1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74,2020 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.,2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20. or in combination with noise1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83,2727 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.; distorted or competing verbal stimuli2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.; everyday sounds2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.; customized sounds matched with the psychoacoustic perception of tinnitus2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; a target tinnitus avatar sound and everyday sounds.2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
|
Auditory training’s period |
15-days2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.; 20-days2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.,2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9,2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; 1-month1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74,1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83
27 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.-2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.; 1 and a half month2020 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.; 2-months2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.; 3-months.2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
|
Training sessions’ period |
30-min1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.
20 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.-2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.,2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9,2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.,2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; 10-min2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83,2727 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.; 20-min1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74; 40-min2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.; 2-hs of cumulative use per day of the app.2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
|
Training sessions’ frequency |
Daily1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74,2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.,2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9,2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.,2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83
27 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.
28 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.-2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.; five sessions a week1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2020 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.; once a week.2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.
|
Auditory training tools |
Computerized platforms (n = 7)1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.
20 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.-2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.,2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9,2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.,2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; MP3 players;1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74,2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83,2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60. acoustic booth2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.; smartphone app designed.2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
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Outcome measures |
Questionnaires combined with other measures1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74,1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.
22 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.
23 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9
24 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.
25 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
26 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83
27 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.-2828 Flor H, Hoffmann D, Struve M, Diesch E. Auditory discrimination training for the treatment of tinnitus. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29:113-20.; psychoacoustic measures1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7. such as tinnitus pitch and loudness (n = 2)1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60. and Minimum Masking Level (MML) (n = 2);2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7. attentional skills tests (n = 4)2020 Hoare DJ, Van Labeke N, McCormack A, Sereda M, Smith S, Al Taher H, et al. Gameplay as a source of intrinsic motivation in a randomized controlled trial of auditory training for tinnitus. PLoS One. 2014;9:e107430.,2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.,2929 Searchfield GD, Morrison-Low J, Wise K. Object identification and attention training for treating tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:441-60.,3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; participants’ subjective impression (n = 6)1818 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Aparicio JM, Toledano A, et al. Auditory discrimination training for tinnitus treatment: the effect of different paradigms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1067-74,1919 Hoare DJ, Kowalkowski VL, Hall DA. Effects of frequency discrimination training on tinnitus: results from two randomised controlled trials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012;13:543-59.,2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.
25 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
26 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83-2727 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.; electrophysiological measures of hearing (P300)2222 Tugumia D, Samelli AG, Matas CG, Magliaro FCL, Rabelo CM, et al. Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus. Codas. 2016;28:27-33.,2323 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Magnusson J, Welch D, Searchfield GD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a perceptual training game for tinnitus therapy. Games Health J. 2016;5:141-9; central auditory processing behavioral assessment3030 Wise K, Kobayashi K, Searchfield GD. Feasibility study of a game integrating assessment and therapy of tinnitus. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;249:1-7.; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging2121 Spiegel DP, Linford T, Thompson B, Petoe MA, Kobayashi K, Stinear CM, et al. Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10802.; Visual Analog Scale (VAS)2626 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P, Plaza G, Aparicio JM, et al. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management: preliminary results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2006;(556):80-83,2727 Herraiz C, Diges I, Cobo P. Auditory discrimination therapy (ADT) for tinnitus management. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:467-71.; tinnitus classification scales2424 Searchfield GD, Spiegel DP, Poppe TNER, Durai M, Jensen M, Kobayashi K, et al. A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:433-44.; numeric rating scales.2525 Searchfield GD, Sanders PJ. A randomized single-blind controlled trial of a prototype digital polytherapeutic for tinnitus. Front Neurol. 2022;13:958730.
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