ABSTRACT

This paper represents the first study on Asilidae for the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Here, we describe a new species of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 and second record for the North Region of Brazil, as well as supply the first record of occurrence of five genera and 12 species of Asilinae and Ommatiinae in Tocantins. Additionally, we provide illustrations and comments for all new records of species and an updated list of Asilidae for the state.

KEYWORDS.
Robber flies; Lecania group; taxonomy; checklist; Neotropical Region

RESUMO

Este artigo representa o primeiro estudo sobre Asilidae para o estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Nós descrevemos uma nova espécie de Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 e o segundo registro para a Região Norte do Brasil, bem como, fornecemos a primeira ocorrência de cinco gêneros e 12 espécies para o Tocantins. Adicionalmente, são apresentados comentários e ilustrações para todos os novos registros de espécies e uma lista atualizada de Asilidae para o estado.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE.
Moscas-ladrão; grupo Lecania; taxonomia; lista de espécies; Região Neotropical

The Asilidae are voracious predatory flies, popularly known as assassin flies, robber flies, among other names (Fisher, 2009Fisher, E. M. 2009. Asilidae (Robber flies, Assassin flies, Moscas Cazadoras, Moscas Ladronas) In: Brown, B. V.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J. M.; Wood, D. M.; Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. eds. Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume I. Ottawa, National Research Council Research Press, p. 585-632.). There are 14 subfamilies, 560 genera and 7,531 valid species in the world (Dikow, 2009Dikow, T. 2009. Asilidae generic classification sensu Dikow 2009. Availabla at < Availabla at https://asiloidflies.si.edu/asilidae-generic-classification-dikow2009 >. Accessed on January 2023.
https://asiloidflies.si.edu/asilidae-gen... ; Pape et al., 2011Pape, T.; Blagodero, V. & Mostovski, M. B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z. Q. ed. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148:222-229. ). The Neotropical region holds 11 subfamilies, 217 genera and 1,576 species (Papavero, 2009Papavero, N.; Artigas, J. N. & Lamas, C. J. E. 2009. Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera 18:1-320.). In Brazil, 101 genera and 466 valid species were recorded (Lamas & Camargo, 2023Lamas, C. J. E. & Camargo, A. 2023. Asilidae in Catálogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available at <Available at http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/564 >. Accessed on 18 January 2023.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... ), of which only three species are reported in the state of Tocantins, namely Cerozodus ayalai Camargo, Vieira & Rafael, 2022 by Camargo et al. (2022Camargo, A.; Vieira, R. & Rafael, J. A. 2022. Taxonomic review of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 5209:151-186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.... ), Mallophora atra Macquart, 1834 by Artigas & Angulo (1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ) and Ommatius exilis Curran, 1928 by Papavero (2009Papavero, N. 2009. Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera 17:1-178.).

Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 is allocated in subfamily Asilinae. The genus was proposed as a monotypic for Asilus nodicornis Wiedemann, 1828. Then, a new species was described, Cerozodus brachylobusVieira, Rafael & Limeira-de-Oliveira, 2013Vieira, R.; Rafael, J. A. & Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. 2013. Revision of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae) with description of a new species from Brazil. Zootaxa 3646(2):180-188. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.6
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.... . The genus was recently reviewed by Camargo et al. (2022Camargo, A.; Vieira, R. & Rafael, J. A. 2022. Taxonomic review of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 5209:151-186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.... ), who presented in detail the taxonomic history, redescription and photographs of the holotype, as well as the description of two new species, Cerozodus ayalai Camargo, Vieira & Rafael, 2022 and Cerozodus platylobus Camargo, Vieira & Rafael, 2022. At the moment, only four species are known and the genus has not been registered outside Brazil. There are records of occurrence for the Northeast (Maranhão), North (Tocantins), Midwest (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul) and Southeast (São Paulo) Regions. Here, we describe a new species of Cerozodus for Brazil, present the second record of the genus for the North Region of Brazil, and provide the first occurrence records of five genera and 12 species for the State of Tocantins and an updated list of records.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Origin of material and deposit. The specimens analyzed were obtained by examining the material deposited in the Coleção de Entomologia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional, Tocantins (CEUFT), and were collected in eight municipalities in the State of Tocantins, namely: Araguaína, Brejinho de Nazaré, Monte do Carmo, Novo Acordo, Palmas, Pium, Porto Nacional and Wanderlândia (Fig. 1). All specimens are deposited in CEUFT, with the exception of the holotype and one paratype of Cerozodus inesperatus sp. nov. deposited at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas (INPA).

Identification. To identify the species, papers with original descriptions, keys and reviews were consulted (Carrera, 1945Carrera, M. 1945. Estudo sobre os gêneros Glaphyropyga e Senoprosopis com descrição de novo gênero e novas espécies. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 5(12):175-192. , 1959Carrera, M. 1959. Sobre alguns Asilídeos neotropicais (Diptera) do “Zoologische Sammlung des Bayrischen Staates”. Opuscula Zoologica 30:1-13.; Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ; Pamplona & Aires, 1999Pamplona, D. M. & Aires, C. C. C. 1999. Revisão de Triorla Parks e descrição de uma espécie nova, enfatizando o valor sistemático da espermateca (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16(4):1127-1134.; Scarbrough, 2003Scarbrough, A. G. 2003. The Afrotropical Ommatius flavipennis species group (Diptera: Asilidae), with descriptions of six new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105(3):611-629. , 2008Scarbrough, A. G. 2008. New Ommatius Wiedemann from the Americas with two new species group, keys, and taxonomic notes (Diptera: Asilidae). Insecta Mundi 32:1-14.; Papavero et al., 2009Papavero, N.; Artigas, J. N. & Lamas, C. J. E. 2009. Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera 18:1-320.; Vieira et al., 2010Vieira, R.; Bravo, F. & Rafael, J. A. 2010. Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821, normus species-group (Diptera, Asilidae): description of two new species and comments on Brazilian species. Zootaxa2344:39-51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.4
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.... , 2012Vieira, R. 2012. New distribution records of six species of Asilinae (Diptera: Asilidae) Latreille, 1802. Check List 8(4):779-781. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779
https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779... , 2013Vieira, R.; Rafael, J. A. & Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. 2013. Revision of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae) with description of a new species from Brazil. Zootaxa 3646(2):180-188. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.6
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.... ; Castro et al., 2016Castro, I.; Bravo, F. & Vieira, R. 2016. Four new species of Triorla Parks (Diptera, Asilidae, Ailinae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 60:137-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.11.013
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.11.01... ), in addition to photos of type material from the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany (MfN), and the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). The dissection of the terminalia followed the protocol of Vieira & Rafael (2014Vieira, R. & Rafael, J. A. 2014. Longivena, a new robber-fly genus from Brazil (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae). Zookeys 443:119-138. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.443.8324
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.443.8324... ). Terminology follows Cumming & Wood (2017Cumming, J. M. & Wood, D. M. 2017. Adult morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. & Sinclair, B. J. eds. Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. I. Introductory chapters and keys to Diptera families. Suricata 4, Pretoria, South African National Biodiversity Institute, p. 89-133.).

Image acquisition and data presentation. Images were obtained using a LEICA MC120 HD digital camera coupled to a LEICA M165 C stereomicroscope. Photographs of the body (dorsal and lateral habitus) and head (frontal and lateral views) were taken for each species. Photos were edited with Adobe Photoshop CS6 software, version 22.0.0.35. The plates were elaborated using Adobe Illustrator 2021 software, version 25.2.1.236.

The information contained in the labels was written in full in the material examined. There was the use of commas to isolate different information. Data presented in square brackets is additional information that is not present on the labels. Slashes (/) were also used for data from the same specimen with separate labels. An asterisk indicates new distribution records.

Here, the Asilinae was divided into groups of genera as proposed by Artigas & Papavero (1997Artigas, J. N. & Papavero, N. 1997. The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Key for identification with na atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. IX. I. Subfamily Asilinae Leach (Including Apocleinae Lehr): Key to generic group. Arquivos de Zoologia 34(2):57-63. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v34i1-4p57-63
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.... ), namely: Asilus group; Efferia group; Eicherax group; Glaphyropyga group; Lecania group; Mallophora group and Proctacanthus group. These groups are commonly used to simplify species identification. Furthermore, The New World species of Ommatius (Ommatiinae) are divided into eight species groups [ampliatus and holosericeus (holosericeus complex), costatus, hanebrinki, lucidatus, normus, pumilus and tibialis] (Scarbrough, 1990Scarbrough, A. G. 1990. Revision of the New World Ommatius Wie demann (Diptera: Asilidae). I. The pumilus species group. Trans actions of the American Entomological Society 116:65-102., 1993Scarbrough, A. G. 1993. Revision of the New World species of Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera: Asilidae): the Neotropical costatus species group. Revista de Biologia Tropical 41:729-753., 2000Scarbrough, A. G. 2000. Two additional species of robber flies of the genus Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera: Asilidae) from the Bahamas and with replacement names for two other species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102: 912-918., 2002Scarbrough, A. G. 2002. Synopsis of the Neotropical holosericeus complex of the genus Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera): amplia tus and holosericeus species groups. Transactions of the Ameri can Entomological Society 128:133-222., 2008Scarbrough, A. G. 2008. New Ommatius Wiedemann from the Americas with two new species group, keys, and taxonomic notes (Diptera: Asilidae). Insecta Mundi 32:1-14.; Scarbrough & Perez-Gelabert, 2006Scarbrough, A. G. & Perez-Gelabert, D. E. 2006. A review of the asilid (Diptera) fauna from Hispaniola with six genera new to the is land, fifteen new species, and checklist. Zootaxa 1381:1-91.).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Lecania group

Cerozodus inesperatus sp. nov.

(Figs 2-23)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2759FA81-34CA-4C69-ABDA-DA55D4920D47

Diagnosis. Postpedicel rounded (Fig. 6); stylus about three times the postpedicel length (Fig. 6); sternite 8 with tongue-shaped projection on the posterior margin (Figs 9, 11, 12, 14, 17); hypandrium with straight margin, without projection (Figs 9, 11, 12, 14, 15); epandrium with an apical small pointed projection internally (Figs 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19); epandrium curving inward apically, forming a subtriangular apical cavity in ventral view (Figs 11, 14, 19); cercus cone-shaped (Figs 13, 18-20); gonocoxite with apical margin rounded (Figs 9, 11, 12, 14); gonostylus narrow and slender (Figs 11, 12, 14).

Holotype ♂. Body length: 13 mm; wing: 9 mm. Head (Figs 4, 5). Light brown; scape and pedicel light brown (Fig. 6), with yellow ventral and black dorsal setae; postpedicel dark brown and rounded; stylus black and about three times the postpedicel length (Fig 6); basal projection of the stylus gray tomentose in the middle; two black ocellar setae; three black orbital setae; frons and face black, golden tomentose; mystax with white and black macrosetae; palpus with black setae; proboscis black with yellow setae at apex; labial setae yellowish; occiput black, whitish tomentose; three black postocular macrosetae.

Thorax (Figs 2, 3, 8). Light brown; antepronotum and postpronotum dark brown, golden tomentose; scutum brown, golden tomentose; median stripe light brown; paramedian stripe brown; pleura dark brown, golden tomentose; two black notopleural macrosetae; one black supraalar macroseta; one black postalar macroseta; three pairs of thick, black postsutural dorsocentral macrosetae; scutellum gray, without marginal scutellar macrosetae (Fig. 8); discal scutellar setae whitish; katatergal macrosetae whitish; setae on posterior meron+metanepisternum whitish.

Wings (Figs 2, 3, 7). Translucent, slightly brown; dark brown veins; without costal dilatation; bifurcation of veins R₄ and R₅ placed beyond apex of discal cell; transverse vein r-m situated beyond middle of disc cell; microtrichia on posterior wing margin arranged in a single plane; halteres light yellow.

Legs (Figs 2, 3). Yellowish; femur reddish dorsally; fore tibiae yellow; mid and hind tibiae yellow with a reddish apex; fore tarsi yellow; mid and hind tarsi reddish-yellow; pulvilli yellowish; empodia reddish-yellow; claws shiny black. Chaetotaxy: hind trochanter with three white macrosetae ventrally, two long macrosetae posteroventrally and one short macroseta medioventrally; fore and hind coxae with a row of long white macrosetae posterodorsally; hind coxa with two macrosetae dorsomedially and three macrosetae ventroapically; mid and hind femora covered by white setae alternating with black; fore and mid femora with 7-9 whitish macrosetae ventrally; hind femur with four black macrosetae lateroventrally, one black macroseta dorsomedially, two black macrosetae anterodorsally and two black macrosetae dorsoapically; femora with white and black setae laterally; femora with whitish setae dorsally; tibiae with black macrosetae; fore and mid tibiae with short, scattered white setae; hind tibiae with a row of short white setae; tarsomeres with black setae and macrosetae; first and second tarsomeres with a row of golden setae.

Abdomen (Figs 2, 3). Tergite 1 with anterior half dark brown and posterior half light brown, gray tomentose; tergite 1 with a row of whitish marginal setae and macrosetae laterally and with whitish setae dorsally on the posterior margin; tergites 2-3 dark brown, gray tomentose; tergites 2 and 4 with whitish macrosetae laterally and black setae dorsally; tergites 4-8 reddish-brown with whitish marginal setae; sternites reddish-brown with short, sparse, whitish macrosetae; tergite 8 dorsally with black macrosetae apically; sternite 8 with whitish-yellow setae; sternite 8 with tongue-shaped projection on the posterior margin (Figs 9, 11-14).

Terminalia (Figs 9-20). Light brown, except epandrium and gonocoxite dark brown dorsobasally; hypandrium with eight or nine black macrosetae apically and laterally; hypandrium with straight posterior margin, without projection (Figs 9, 11, 12, 14, 15); epandrium with black and yellow setae dorsally, and black macrosetae ventrally at apex; epandrium with a dorsal curvature in lateral view (Figs 9, 12, 20); epandrium with an apical small pointed projection internally (Figs 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19); epandrium curving inward apically, forming a subtriangular apical cavity in ventral view (Figs 11, 14, 19); cercus cone-shaped (Figs 13, 18); gonocoxite with apical margin rounded (Figs 9, 11, 12, 14); gonostylus narrow and slender (Figs 11, 12, 14); ejaculatory apodeme long and wide apically (Figs 12, 13).

Holotype condition. Left antenna missing, without the postpedicel and the stylus. Few mystacal macrosetae broken. Part of the abdomen and terminalia in microtube with glycerin. Microtube pinned under the specimen.

♀. Similar to ♂, except by: body length: 14 mm; antenna with second article of stylus without broad basal projection (Fig. 21); wing length: 10 mm; Color of legs lighter; tibiae with a darker apex; darker tarsi; abdomen reddish-brown; tergite 2 gray with a dark spot on the posterior half; terminalia shiny black (Figs 22, 23); tergite 8 with a yellow lateral spot at the base; sternite 8 with a yellow lateral spot at the base and a rounded one in the middle; cercus dark brown with yellow setae.

Variations. Male paratype with two yellow occipital macrosetae; body length 12.5 mm and wing length 8 mm.

Etymology. inesperatus from Latin, refers to something unexpected.

Distribution. State of Tocantins, Brazil.

Biology/phenology. The specimens were collected in the district of Taquaruçu, a tourist region of Palmas, capital of Tocantins. It is a mountainous region, with valleys, plains and cliffs with elevations ranging from 34 to 960 m (Seplan, 2003Seplan, Naturatins. 2003. Plano de manejo do Parque Estadual do Lajeado. Encarte 4: a APA da Serra do Lajeado. Palmas, DBO ENGENHARIA LTDA. Available at <Available at http://gesto.to.gov.br/uc/50/zoneamento/ >. Accessed at 18 January 2023.
http://gesto.to.gov.br/uc/50/zoneamento/... ). This area has a rich vegetation, with typical cerrado, gallery forest and riparian forest. The climate is semi-humid tropical, with seasonally well-defined rainfall periods, with a hot and dry winter (May to September) and a rainy season (October to April) (Marcuzzo & Goularte, 2013Marcuzzo, F. F. N. & Goularte, E. R. P. 2013. Caracterização do ano hidrológico e mapeamento especial das chuvas nos períodos úmidos e seco do Estado do Tocantins. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 6:91-99. https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v06.1.p091-099
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v06.1.p091... ). The specimens were found in riparian forests of an Environmental Protection Area called Serra do Lajeado, being captured with a Malaise trap both in the dry and rainy seasons. The data obtained here corroborate the information presented by Camargo et al. (2022Camargo, A.; Vieira, R. & Rafael, J. A. 2022. Taxonomic review of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 5209:151-186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.... ), in relation to the distribution patterns of the other species of the genus.

Type material. Holotype ♂, BRASIL, TO[CANTINS], Palmas, Taquaruçu, Faz[enda] Encantada, 10°14’41.79”S; 48°7’22.79”W, 15-22.IV.2012, Malaise, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, I. L. H. (INPA) / Holotype Cerozodus inesperatus det. Montanuci, P. S.B, 2021. Paratypes. Same data as holotype except: 26.X-02.XI.2012 (♂ CEUFT / 004816); 03-10.VIII.2012 (♀ INPA); 07-14.IX.2012 (♀ CEUFT / 004819).

Discussion. Cerozodus was recently reviewed by Camargo et al. (2022Camargo, A.; Vieira, R. & Rafael, J. A. 2022. Taxonomic review of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 5209:151-186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.... ) and currently has four valid species. Cerozodus inesperatus sp. nov. runs to step 2 of the key by Camargo et al. (2022Camargo, A.; Vieira, R. & Rafael, J. A. 2022. Taxonomic review of Cerozodus Bigot, 1857 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 5209:151-186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.1
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.... ), from this point it can be easily distinguished from the other species by presenting the hypandrium with a straight margin, without projection (Fig. 15), and its conspicuous tongue-shaped projection in this species is found on the sternite 8 (Figs 12, 17) and not on the hypandrium as in other species of the genus.

New Asilidae records for Tocantins

Asilinae

Asilus group

Anarmostus iopterus (Wiedemann, 1828)

(Figs 24-27)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Pium, Centro de Pesquisas Canguçu, 09°58’42.47”S - 50°02’16.54”W, lençol iluminado [light sheet], 13-18.V.2016, Krolow, T. K. & Valadares, A. C. (♀ CEUFT).

Distribution. Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Guyana, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins*, Bahia), Bolivia (Vieira et al., 2006Vieira, R.; Castro, I.; Almeida, D.; Alvim, E. & Bravo, F. 2006. Asilidae (Diptera) da Bahia, Brasil: Sinopse das espécies e chave de identificação. Sitientibus, Série Ciências Biológicas 6(4):243-256. ; Vieira, 2012Vieira, R. 2012. New distribution records of six species of Asilinae (Diptera: Asilidae) Latreille, 1802. Check List 8(4):779-781. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779
https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779... ; Papavero, 2009Papavero, N.; Artigas, J. N. & Lamas, C. J. E. 2009. Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera 18:1-320.).

Comments. In Brazil, the same is registered only in the North and Northeast Regions (Vieira et al., 2006Vieira, R.; Castro, I.; Almeida, D.; Alvim, E. & Bravo, F. 2006. Asilidae (Diptera) da Bahia, Brasil: Sinopse das espécies e chave de identificação. Sitientibus, Série Ciências Biológicas 6(4):243-256. ; Papavero 2009Papavero, N.; Artigas, J. N. & Lamas, C. J. E. 2009. Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera 18:1-320.; Vieira, 2012Vieira, R. 2012. New distribution records of six species of Asilinae (Diptera: Asilidae) Latreille, 1802. Check List 8(4):779-781. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779
https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779... ). This is the first record in an ecotonal area between Cerrado and Amazon biomes in Brazil. Anarmostus iopterus is characterized by having metallic blue coloration (Figs 24-26); black mystax interspersed with white setae (Figs 26, 27); black legs, tibiae with black and white macrosetae, hind legs with the first tarsomeres covered by white tomentum and white macrosetae (Figs 24, 25).

Efferia group

Triorla striola (Fabricius, 1805)

(Figs 28-31)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Porto Nacional, Campus UFT [Universidade Federal do Tocantins], 10°41’18.649”S - 48°22’58.252”W, coleta manual [manual collection], 21.XI.2018, Silva, B. M. (♀ CEUFT).

Distribution. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Pará, Tocantins*, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Rio Grande do Norte, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná), Paraguay (Castro et al., 2016Castro, I.; Bravo, F. & Vieira, R. 2016. Four new species of Triorla Parks (Diptera, Asilidae, Ailinae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 60:137-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.11.013
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.11.01... ).

Comments. Trioria striola is characterized by having the yellow mystax interspersed with white and black setae (Figs 30, 31); thorax and head brown, golden tomentose (Figs 28, 29); gray scutellum with a dark spot on the margin; femora dorsally reddish brown, black tibiae, black tarsomeres; black abdomen, tergites 1-3 with white lateral bands that cover more than half of the posterior part, tergites 4 and 5 entirely black, tergite 6 with a dorsomedial black spot, tergite 7 black with white lateral bands that cover the ventral and dorsoposterior parts; terminalia conical, shiny black, tergite and sternite 8 as long as the 6 and 7 combined, without macrosetae, tergite 9 shorter in length.

Eicherax group

Eraxasilus pruinosus Carrera, 1959Carrera, M. 1959. Sobre alguns Asilídeos neotropicais (Diptera) do “Zoologische Sammlung des Bayrischen Staates”. Opuscula Zoologica 30:1-13.

(Figs 32-35)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Araguaína, Bairro Setor Brasil, 7°10’28.6”S - 48°12’00.4”W, coleta manual [manual collection], 07.X.2016, Rippel, M. L. S. (♂ CEUFT).

Distribution. Brazil (Pará, Tocantins*, Mato Grosso, Goiás, São Paulo) (Carrera, 1959Carrera, M. 1959. Sobre alguns Asilídeos neotropicais (Diptera) do “Zoologische Sammlung des Bayrischen Staates”. Opuscula Zoologica 30:1-13.; Vieira, 2012Vieira, R. 2012. New distribution records of six species of Asilinae (Diptera: Asilidae) Latreille, 1802. Check List 8(4):779-781. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779
https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779... ).

Comments. Currently, E. pruinosus is only recorded in Brazil. Eraxasilus pruinosus is characterized by having yellow mystax interspersed with black setae (Figs 34, 35); gray thorax, yellow tomentose, gray scutellum (Fig. 33); black femora (Fig. 32), yellow tibiae, black tarsi posteriorly (Fig. 33), terminalia reddish (Fig. 32) (Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ).

Eraxasilus pruinosus is very close to E. acuminatusCarrera, 1959Carrera, M. 1959. Sobre alguns Asilídeos neotropicais (Diptera) do “Zoologische Sammlung des Bayrischen Staates”. Opuscula Zoologica 30:1-13., but they can be distinguished by the shape of the hypandrium. In E. pruinosus the hypandrium is not acuminate, but curved and smooth, while in E. acuminatus the hypandrium has a small acuminate projection covered with small setae (Carrera, 1959Carrera, M. 1959. Sobre alguns Asilídeos neotropicais (Diptera) do “Zoologische Sammlung des Bayrischen Staates”. Opuscula Zoologica 30:1-13.).

Glaphyropyga group

Glaphyropyga pollinifera Carrera, 1945Carrera, M. 1945. Estudo sobre os gêneros Glaphyropyga e Senoprosopis com descrição de novo gênero e novas espécies. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 5(12):175-192.

(Figs 36-39)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Palmas, Distrito de Taquaruçu, Fazenda Encantada, 10°14’45.21”S - 48°07’24.07”W, malaise [malaise trap], 09-16.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♂ CEUFT); idem, 19-26.X.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (2♂ CEUFT); idem, 16-23.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♂ CEUFT); idem, 30.XI-07.XII.2012, Krolow, T. K. and Lima, H. I. L. (4♂ CEUFT); idem, 02-09.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. and Lima, H. I. L. (2♂ CEUFT); idem, 05.X-28.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. and Lima, H. I. L. (♂ CEUFT); idem, 23-30.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♀ CEUFT).

Distribution, Peru, Brazil (Acre, Pará, Tocantins*, Bahia, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Bolivia (Carrera, 1945Carrera, M. 1945. Estudo sobre os gêneros Glaphyropyga e Senoprosopis com descrição de novo gênero e novas espécies. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 5(12):175-192. ; Vieira, 2012Vieira, R. 2012. New distribution records of six species of Asilinae (Diptera: Asilidae) Latreille, 1802. Check List 8(4):779-781. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779
https://doi.org/10.15560/8.4.779... ).

Comments. Specimens of G. pollinifera show great variations, such as eye color and body size. This species is very close to Glaphyropyga himantocera (Wiedemann, 1828), from which it is distinguished by the patterns of tomentum on the scutum and pleura, the absence of setae on the scutellum and the dark brown spot on the wings. This species is characterized by having a yellow scape and pedicel, a scape longer than pedicel (Figs 38, 39), a short stylus with a small sensorial element at the apex; pleura with a dark vertical spot on the anterior part and yellow wings with a dark spot on the subcostal cell (Figs 36, 37), which does not extend to R₄ (Carrera, 1945Carrera, M. 1945. Estudo sobre os gêneros Glaphyropyga e Senoprosopis com descrição de novo gênero e novas espécies. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 5(12):175-192. ).

Mallophora group

Mallophora calida (Fabricius, 1787)

(Figs 40-43)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Palmas, Distrito de Taquaruçu, Fazenda Encantada, 10°14’45.21”S - 48°07’24.07”W, lençol iluminado [light sheet], 27.VIII.2017, Krolow, T. K. & team (♂ CEUFT); Porto Nacional, Fazenda Dois Irmãos, Córrego São João, [10°42’41.1”S - 48°22’23.0”W], malaise [malaise trap], 17-21.VI.2020, Krolow, T. K. & team (2♂ CEUFT); Palmas, Parque Estadual do Lajeado, 10°06’05.00”S - 48°14’46.00”W, malaise [malaise trap], 04.X.2019, Oliveira, J.W. & team (♂ CEUFT);

Distribution. Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Tocantins*, Paraíba, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay (Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ; Kohler et al., 2013Kohler, A.; Klein, J. T. & Lemes, J. R. A. 2013. Novas ocorrências de Mallophora Macquart, 1834 (Diptera, Asilidae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: chave de identificação e distribuição. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 11:432-438. ).

Comments. Mallophora calida is relatively small when compared to the others, but the females tend to be larger than males (Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ). In addition, it presents a great variation in the size and tonality of the macrosetae, and can often present an extension at the apex of the hind tibiae. This species has a yellow mystax (Figs 42, 43), brown thorax, yellow legs with yellow setae (Fig. 40), shiny black hind tarsomeres with black setae interspersed with white ones, shiny black abdomen, tergites with orange setae (Figs 40, 41) (Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ).

Mallophora clavipes Curran, 1941

(Figs 44-47)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Pium, Centro de Pesquisas Canguçu, 09°58’42.47”S - 50°02’16.54”W, malaise [malaise trap], 11-14.IX.2015, Krolow, T. K. & team (♀, CEUFT); Palmas, Distrito de Taquaruçu, Fazenda Encantada, 10°14’45.21”S - 48°07’24.07”W, malaise [malaise trap], 10-18.I.2013, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♀, CEUFT).

Distribution. Panama, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins*, Mato Grosso, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro) (Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ).

Comments. Mallophora clavipes is characterized by having the black mystax interspersed with yellow setae (Figs 44, 46, 47), black thorax with gray toment, yellow legs, fore and mid femora with a large dark spot on the dorsal part, hind tibiae with black apex, brown tarsi anteriorly and medially, black tarsi posteriorly, abdomen black with whitish setae that gradually diminish with each tergite and terminalia shiny black (Figs 44, 45).

Mallophora tibialis Macquart, 1838

(Figs 48-51)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Brejinho de Nazaré, 11°00’00”S - 48°33’56”W, coleta manual [manual collection], 23.XI.2002, Julia, M. S. (♀, CEUFT).

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Tocantins*), Bolivia, Argentina (Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ).

Comments. Although M. tibialis is widely distributed in South America, this is the fourth record for the northern region of the country (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará and Tocantins). Mallophora tibialis is characterized by having the black head and mystax (Figs 50, 51), black legs with black setae, hind tibiae with a set of yellow setae dorsally (Fig. 48), black abdomen (Fig. 49), all tergites with yellow setae on the posterior half, tergites 5 and 6 with bright orange setae and shiny black female terminalia (Artigas & Angulo, 1980Artigas, J. N. & Angulo, A. O. 1980. Revision del genero Mallophora Macquart por sistematica alfa y taxonomia numerica (Diptera-Asilidae). Gayana Zoologia 43:1-182. ).

Proctacanthus group

Eccritosia barbata (Fabricius, 1787)

(Figs 52-55)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Wanderlândia, 06°50’55.680”S - 48°7’8.400”W, malaise [malaise trap], 10-13.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Oliveira, L. A. (♂, ♀ CEUFT).

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Pará, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Tocantins*, Paraíba, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro), Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Lamas, 1973Lamas, G. M. 1973. A revision of Eccritosia Schiner, 1866 (Diptera, Asilidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 27(4):45-68.).

Comments. Eccritosia barbata has a wide distribution in most of South America, extending from Venezuela to Argentina, with records in most Brazilian states (Lamas, 1973Lamas, G. M. 1973. A revision of Eccritosia Schiner, 1866 (Diptera, Asilidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 27(4):45-68.). In this species the females are larger in length than the males, the females are approximately 24 mm and the males 22 mm. It is characterized by having a white or yellowish mystax (Figs 54, 55), black thorax (Fig. 53), black forelegs and median, black hind femur, yellow tibiae and hind tarsi with white setae, abdomen with black tergite 1 with a white stripe ventrally and white macrosetae laterally, tergite 2 brown with white lateral setae, remaining tergites light brown, terminalia reddish (Fig. 52).

Ommatiinae

costatus Group

Ommatius costatus Rondani, 1850

(Figs 56-59)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Palmas, Distrito de Taquaruçu, Fazenda Encantada, 10°14’45.21”S - 48°07’24.07”W, malaise [malaise trap], 16-23.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♂, CEUFT); idem, 11-14.VII.2018, Fernandes, A. S. (♂, CEUFT); idem, 19-26.X.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♀, CEUFT); idem, Fazenda Ecológica, Cachoeira da Roncadeira, 10°18’12.60”S - 48°8’20.43”W, malaise [malaise trap], 25-26.V.2012, Gomes, L. A. (♀, CEUFT).

Distribution. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins*, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Vieira, 2015 Vieira, R. 2015. O Grupo costatus de Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera, Asilidae) no Brasil: Novos Registros e Distribuição de Ommatius costatus Rondani e Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot. EntomoBrasilis 8(1):58-64. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.461
https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.... ).

Comments. The species has a wide distribution in the Neotropical Region. In Brazil, occurs from north to south. In addition, according to Vieira (2015 Vieira, R. 2015. O Grupo costatus de Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera, Asilidae) no Brasil: Novos Registros e Distribuição de Ommatius costatus Rondani e Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot. EntomoBrasilis 8(1):58-64. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.461
https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.... ), the species is often found in Brazilian entomological collections. This species is characterized by having white mystax interspersed with yellow setae (Figs 58, 59), dark wings with a costal vein with dilatation in the median portion, yellow femur with black anteroventral and posteroventral setae, gray abdomen, tergites with whitish setae (Figs 56, 57), shiny black male terminalia, epandrium with a spiniform projection at the apex in dorsal view. Females of this species are similar to males except for the terminalia: tergite 9 narrow and sternite 8 with three indentations on the anterior margin.

normus Group

Ommatius normus Curran, 1928

(Figs 60-63)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Monte do Carmo, Fazenda Dona Maria, 10°46’21.49”S, 48°5’19.80”W, lençol iluminado [light sheet], 03-08.IV.2019, Fernandes, A. S. & equipe (♀, CEUFT); Novo Acordo, Chácara Três Irmãos, 09°57’50.04”S - 47°40’46.83”W, coleta manual [manual collection], 17.VII.2019, Almeida, L. R. (♂, CEUFT); Palmas, Distrito de Taquaruçu, Fazenda Encantada, 10°14’45.21”S - 48°07’24.07”W, malaise Gressitt & Gressitt [malaise trap six meters], 26-31.VIII.2017, Krolow, T. K. (♀, CEUFT).

Distribution. Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Tocantins*, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás; Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Vieira et al., 2010Vieira, R.; Bravo, F. & Rafael, J. A. 2010. Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821, normus species-group (Diptera, Asilidae): description of two new species and comments on Brazilian species. Zootaxa2344:39-51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.4
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.... ).

Comments. This species may show variation in the number of macrosetae (Vieira et al., 2010Vieira, R.; Bravo, F. & Rafael, J. A. 2010. Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821, normus species-group (Diptera, Asilidae): description of two new species and comments on Brazilian species. Zootaxa2344:39-51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.4
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.... ). This species has black mystax interspersed with yellow setae (Figs 62, 63), translucent wings; brownish r1 and r2+3 cells, legs black, abdomen black with yellow setae (Figs 60, 61), epandrium short with truncate apex and base triangular, gonocoxite with an apical projection. The females are similar to males, except for the shiny black terminalia, sternite 8 with slightly developed mid-apical margin.

Ommatius pulcher (Engel, 1885)

(Figs 64-67)

Material examined. BRASIL [BRAZIL], Tocantins: Palmas, Distrito de Taquaruçu, Fazenda Encantada, 10°14’45.21”S - 48°07’24.07”W, malaise [malaise trap], 01-08.II.2013, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♂, CEUFT); idem, 07-14.XII.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♂, CEUFT); idem, 16-23.XI.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♂, CEUFT); idem, 13-20.IV.2012, Krolow, T. K. & Lima, H. I. L. (♂, CEUFT); Palmas, Parque Estadual do Lajeado, 10°06’05.00”S - 48°14’46.00”W, malaise trap, 09-16.XI.2019, Oliveira, J. W. (5♂, CEUFT).

Distribution. Brazil (Pará, Tocantins*, Rondônia, Alagoas, Mato Grosso, Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Vieira et al., 2010Vieira, R.; Bravo, F. & Rafael, J. A. 2010. Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821, normus species-group (Diptera, Asilidae): description of two new species and comments on Brazilian species. Zootaxa2344:39-51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.4
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.... ; Lima et al., 2017Lima, S.; Vieira, R.; Camargo, A. & Chagas, C. 2017. Ommatius: synonyms, new record, redescription of Ommatius erythropus and description of the female of Ommatius trifidus (Diptera: Asilidae: Ommatiinae). Zoology 34:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20784.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e207... ).

Comments. This species can present great variation in size, color and number of macrosetae (Vieira, et al., 2010Vieira, R.; Bravo, F. & Rafael, J. A. 2010. Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821, normus species-group (Diptera, Asilidae): description of two new species and comments on Brazilian species. Zootaxa2344:39-51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.4
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2344.1.... ). This species is characterized by having black mystax (Figs 66, 67), dark wings with apically wide r2 cell with rounded apex, apical scutellar macrosetae absent, yellow legs (Figs 64, 65), extremely robust hind femur with nine anteroventral macrosetae, clavate abdomen, dark brown male terminalia, wide epandrium in the median portion, epandrium with long cercus and truncated apex, gonostylus narrow, gonocoxite with the mid-basal portion of the inner margin curved inward, oval hypandrium.

Acknowledgments

The first author thanks Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) for the grant and the structure provided. Third author thanks to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, process #310214/2021-1). We thank to Laboratório de Sistemática from UFT for the support for image acquisition, granted by the Finaciadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), process #01.18.0077.00. We also thank the CEUFT team for support.

REFERENCES

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